Dog at veterinarian examination
Dog Health

10 Signs Your Dog Needs to See a Vet - Don’t Ignore These

7 min read · Updated May 2026 · PawPrice Pet Guides

Dogs are masters at hiding pain and illness - a survival instinct inherited from wild ancestors who couldn't afford to appear vulnerable. This means by the time a dog shows obvious signs of being unwell, something has often been brewing for a while. Knowing what to watch for can make the difference between catching a problem early (when treatment is simpler and cheaper) and catching it late.

If in doubt, call your vet. This list is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If your dog is in visible distress or you sense something is seriously wrong, trust your instinct and call immediately. You know your dog better than any article does.

The 10 Warning Signs

01
URGENT
Sudden loss of appetite
Dogs are typically enthusiastic eaters. A dog that refuses food for more than 24 hours - especially combined with lethargy - is telling you something is wrong. Causes range from mild (upset stomach) to serious (organ failure, intestinal blockage, cancer). Don't wait more than 24 hours to call your vet if your dog is off food and visibly unwell.
02
URGENT
Bloated or distended abdomen
A swollen belly that appears suddenly is one of the most serious dog emergencies. It can indicate bloat (GDV - gastric dilatation-volvulus), a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists. This kills dogs within hours if untreated. If your dog's belly looks visually swollen, they are restless, and trying unsuccessfully to vomit: go to an emergency vet immediately. Do not wait.
03
URGENT
Laboured or rapid breathing
A dog breathing heavily at rest - not after exercise, not in heat - is a red flag. This can indicate heart disease, fluid in the chest, severe pain, or respiratory infection. Count your dog's breaths per minute at rest: more than 30 breaths per minute warrants immediate veterinary attention.
04
WATCH
Changes in drinking and urination
Dramatically increased thirst and urination (polydipsia and polyuria) are classic early signs of diabetes and kidney disease - both common in middle-aged and senior dogs. You might notice your dog drinking from unusual sources, having accidents indoors, or needing the toilet urgently and frequently. Early detection dramatically changes outcomes for both conditions.
05
WATCH
Limping or difficulty walking
Occasional limping after exercise can be normal. Persistent limping, limping at rest, or sudden complete inability to bear weight on a limb needs veterinary attention. Causes include muscle tears, joint disease, fractures, Lyme disease, and in some breeds (Dachshunds, Corgis) spinal disc disease. Don't assume your dog 'just slept funny' if it persists more than 24 hours.
06
WATCH
Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea
One episode of vomiting or loose stools usually isn't an emergency. More than two vomiting episodes in 24 hours, vomiting blood, or diarrhoea lasting more than 48 hours warrants a vet call. The danger is dehydration - which happens faster in dogs than people expect - and intestinal obstruction if something was swallowed.
07
WATCH
Scooting or excessive rear end attention
Dogs scoot their rear along the ground primarily due to anal gland issues - the glands become impacted and uncomfortable. Left untreated they can abscess, which is painful and requires more invasive treatment. It can also indicate intestinal parasites or skin irritation. Not an emergency, but worth a vet visit soon.
08
WATCH
Coughing persistently
An occasional cough is normal. A persistent daily cough - especially a honking cough in small breeds (which suggests collapsing trachea) or a wet-sounding cough in older dogs (which suggests heart disease) - needs investigation. Kennel cough is also common and highly contagious in dogs who visit parks or dog daycares.
09
WATCH
Sudden behaviour changes
A dog that suddenly becomes aggressive, fearful, or withdrawn without an obvious cause may be in pain or experiencing a neurological issue. Dogs cannot tell you they hurt; behaviour change is often their only way to communicate. Sudden onset aggression in an otherwise friendly dog should always be evaluated by a vet before being labelled a behaviour problem.
10
WATCH
Eye changes or discharge
Red, cloudy, or discharge-producing eyes need attention. Sudden cloudiness in one eye can indicate glaucoma (painful, potentially blinding without fast treatment). Green or yellow discharge suggests infection. Squinting, pawing at the eye, or keeping one eye closed are signs of pain that warrant same-day attention.
Dogs running and playing healthy
A healthy dog is an active, engaged dog - changes in energy and behaviour are always worth noting

What to Have Ready Before a Vet Visit

When your dog is unwell, the last thing you want is to be scrambling for supplies or information. Having a few things ready at home saves precious time and money.

The Real Cost of Waiting

The most common reason people delay vet visits is cost anxiety - and it's understandable. Emergency vet visits cost $300–$1,500 for workup alone, before any treatment. A condition caught early almost always costs less to treat than one caught late. And that's where pet insurance changes the equation entirely: when you know the bill is largely covered, you call the vet when something seems off, not when your dog is in crisis.

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I take my dog to the vet urgently?

Seek emergency care for difficulty breathing, collapse, repeated vomiting or diarrhea, a distended or hard abdomen, suspected poisoning, inability to urinate, seizures, or major trauma. These can be life-threatening and need immediate attention.

What are signs my dog is in pain?

Signs of pain include limping, reluctance to move or jump, excessive panting, restlessness, loss of appetite, whining, aggression when touched, or hiding. Dogs often mask pain, so subtle behavior changes can be significant.

Is vomiting in dogs an emergency?

Occasional single vomiting may not be urgent, but repeated vomiting, vomiting with blood, or vomiting alongside lethargy, a swollen abdomen, or inability to keep water down warrants prompt veterinary attention, as it can signal serious problems.

How do I know if my dog's symptoms are serious?

Trust significant changes from normal: not eating for over a day, extreme lethargy, breathing trouble, or any sudden severe symptom. When in doubt, call your vet or an emergency line; describing symptoms helps them advise whether it's urgent.

Know what a vet emergency would cost you out of pocket

Pet insurance covers unexpected emergencies - see what monthly coverage would cost for your dog.

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